Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari on ResearchGate

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Friday, December 21, 2018

Rethinking Fayemi's Knowledge Economy: the Place of the Library

Governor John Kayode Fayemi ruled Ekiti State between October 2010 and October 2014. He made a failed bid for reelection just before leaving office on October 15, 2014. The ‘’mysterious’’ loss at that poll to him and his team till today remains unraveled. But the doggedness in him typical of many Ekitis will not allow him to settle down with national might at the Federal level where he served as Honorable Minister of Solid Minerals Development from 2015 until his July 14 victory at the 2018 Ekiti gubernatorial elections. Fayemi defeated the candidate, Prof Olusola Eleka, of the then incumbent, Mr. Ayo Fayose, to return to the job he left four years ago and to the exalted Oke Ayoba Government House which he helped built but barely used.  Not just that he returned to serve as governor but to the business of governance in Ekiti which he termed “unfinished”. And this is with much relief to the people of Ekiti especially when it is compared with the totalitarian and overbearing status of his predecessor who on October 16 kept a date with the EFCC in Abuja while Fayemi took the oath of office in Ado Ekiti. 
After the oath, Fayemi gave the traditional inaugural speech beginning with the “Never Again” poem composed by his equally intelligent and gender rights crusader wife, Erelu Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi. Beyond the pageantry of the poetry piece, Fayemi, among other things expressed his administration’s goal to tap into the modern economy, the knowledge economy. He talked about it four years ago. I don’t have access to Fayemi’s policy document on this. And I initially felt I am not able to tell this is what he meant by knowledge economy. But a recent reiteration of the goal when he received the report of the Visitation Panel to Ekiti higher institutions and the media agency prompted a belief in me that this man means business. So, if it is like what knowledge economy is generally known to mean, and how it has positively impacted economies of Israel, the US and others, the fact that a governor in Nigeria attempts to tap into this 21st century resource is cheering enough for me.  As newsed by the Punch Newspaper of December 19, 2018, Fayemi described the knowledge economy as one of the four-point agenda of his administration. To this end, he plays high premium on the vibrancy of the State-owned tertiary institutions and the broadcasting service- radio and television. His goal is to leverage the higher institutions of the state to deliver the development agenda of his government. This is laudable more so that it is in consonance with the tenets of knowledge economy. 
Source: https://www.cciq.com.au/news/knowledge-economy/
Knowledge economy is the one in which growth is a function of quantity, quality and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production. The term, coined by Fritz Machlup of Princeton University in 1962, knowledge economy according to Investopedia is a system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital. Prevalent in developed countries with service-based economies, knowledge economy has research, technical supports and consulting as its major activities. It is a product of the information age where services of knowledge such as human expertise and trade secrets are vital economic resources. According to the World Bank, four key pillars are required for any country to participate in the knowledge economy, viz: 1. education and training; 2. information infrastructure (radio and internet inclusive); 3. economy incentive and institutional regime that create enabling regulating and economic environment for free flow of knowledge, investment in ICT and entrepreneurship; 4. innovation systems such as network of research centers, universities, think tanks, private enterprises and community groups. 
Given the foregoing and the steps taken so far by Gov. Fayemi especially with the recently concluded Visitation Panel’s assessment of  Ekiti State-owned higher institutions and the broadcasting service, I am not in doubt that the governor knows what he is talking about. It is only cheering that he has declared that knowledge economy is one of the four cardinal goals of his administration. Going in this direction is what one Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata Jnr. in a Punch newspaper post of December 18, 2016 termed as “wise strategy”.  While this his first step is good, one can only anxiously await the outcome of the reports the panel submitted and what the government will do with it to stimulate the ethos of knowledge economy in Ekiti. While we await that, it is important to point out that people are the focal point of two of the four critical pillars the World Bank considered as requisite components of knowledge economy. “An educated and skilled population is needed to create share and use knowledge’’ reads the World Bank statement. It also identified the place of a network (of people in) research centers, universities, private enterprises and community groups in tapping into the growing stock of global knowledge, assimilating and adapting it to local needs and creating new knowledge. 
Thus, it will be interesting to see what institutions in Ekiti will turn into in terms of creating new knowledge through cutting edge research with the supports of the government. It will be wonderful to see Ekiti indigenous knowledge exported to global community through ICT. It will be massive to see huge ICT infrastructure deployed to communities and schools in Ekiti. Will a Commission for Knowledge Economy and Information Infrastructure be created? This will be a fantastic statement of commitment and departure from the phony era of stomach infrastructure that left all hungrier with empty bellies. Will co-creation and innovation hubs be established across the zones of the State? Will the government make grant available for specialised research in this area? These are the few expectations one would look out for. 
However, a critical sector that drives the success of knowledge economy in developed countries is the Library. I have written extensively on this in my article titled “Journey to the Largest Library in the World and the Need for a Library-Conscious Nigerian Society” upon returning as an IFLA/OCLC Fellow from the USA in 2016. But a quick summary of that fascinating society is that, the library is a critical public infrastructure that received more patronage than McDonald’s or combined sport activities. The people love knowledge, they are readers and the library is a second home for all. The Library Card is like a citizenship card and libraries are community squares, hubs of a sort. These made migration from resource-dependent economy of the industrial era to the service-based economy of the knowledge era or information age easy. We will continue to struggle on this side as much as it is still true that secrets are best kept from Africans if kept inside books. 
So the library and reading must be revisited in our state, regional and national plans. Our poor library and/or reading cultures will create the unwholesome setback for actualizing the full benefits of the knowledge economy. In this information age, it is not enough to know as a secondary school leaver, university graduate or what have you but what we do with knowledge is key to personal and communal progress and to that end is the need for information literacy which is a critical function of the library. Reading and library open up the mind to explore great possibilities. A journey into the library is a journey into the farthest past to glimpse what had been and a trip into the future to see what can be even as it affords the immediate benefit of reimagining what the present should be. Without a functional library system suffice it to say that this attempt by Ekiti State Government is an effort waiting to crash. Gov. Fayemi must factor in functional public library system into his agenda for knowledge economy. It will awfully pain His Excellency to know that there is only one unattractive small library in Ekiti to serve more than two million people, the Ekiti State Library Board near the old Governor’s office. That hut can only serve as a clog on the wheels of this administration’s drive. It is important to state, however, that this is not a situation peculiar to Ekiti, it is a national tragedy. I realized this woeful state of our society as a result of my privileged visits to libraries in other climes where library has been used as a fuel upon which service-economy burns brightly. 
Ekiti dubbed as fountain of knowledge must now take the lead and change the library and reading narrative of Nigeria. Ekiti must lead by building beautiful, modern and eye-catching public libraries across its towns and communities. It will not be out of place to declare state of emergency on Ekiti State Library sector. An immediate construction of sixteen libraries across the sixteen LGAs must consume the government’s finance in the first full year of this administration followed by more libraries down the remaining years of the tenure. These libraries must be constructed and equipped in such a manner to enforce modernity, emphasis Ekiti pride and place in the knowledge sector, advertise culture and imbibe technologies- digital, solar, etc. A good intention-ed library revolution project can receive funders’ grants from overseas. I have also written a piece on how library can drive personal and community development through modern services. I have a proposal for a library-oriented boom of Ijan-Ekiti, my hometown which can be replicated for other towns. Long and short of it is that, Gov Kayode Fayemi must rethink his knowledge economy agendum by factoring the library into it. The time to do it is now! And in case you doubt why, from America to Britain, library has been regarded as the centrality of the knowledge economy. In fact, the President of the Metropolitan New York Library Council, Dr Norman Jacknis, in a January 2016 post titled “Library as the Central Institution of the Knowledge Economy” affirmed that “the library is the most cost-effective widely available institution that can help individuals keep up their skills and knowledge”. While the term “widely available institution” is true of library overseas, it is the scarcest unit of our society. This must change and Ekiti must drive the change NOW!

Adegbilero-Iwari Idowu, 
a Scholarly Communications Librarian, also passionate about community and public libraries.

Tuesday, December 18, 2018

Stimulating Data Reuse with the New Wellcome Data Re-use Prizes to help unlock the value of research

In order to encourage not only research data management but to stimulate their reuse for new knowledge and broader health benefits, Wellcome Trust has launched two prizes to be won by anyone or group of people from anywhere in the world with novel ideas using Wellcome's open data. The winner of each prize will get £15,000 (approx. $19,000 USD). Two runners-up will get £5,000 (approx. $6,400 USD).
Click here for key dates and how to enter the competition.

Monday, December 3, 2018

Internationalizing Nigerian Journals Using OJS: Time to Act is Now!

It is with painful mention that it is majorly in Africa and primarily in Nigeria that we still classify journals as 'local' and 'foreign/offshore' to the effect that we apportion grades to the categories in rating outputs of scholarship. Close to this retrogressive practice, though not the goal of this essay but worth mentioning, is the rating apportioned to authorship: singular or multiple, where single authored papers carry higher grades at promotion/tenure assessment. An alarming moment was to hear, in a conference, a scholar publicly denounced collaborative works some two years ago for the sake of the high rating he would get for a solo effort. Well, that is a theme for another day. Another topic for another time is the crass pursuit of international publication at the expense of local relevance of research outputs which places serious question on what Africa (Nigeria) regards as research excellence/quality. It has been reported (Robert Tijssen and Erika Kraemer-Mbula) that Africa's idea of research excellence/quality is pro-Global North (Europe and America). Anyway, to this end, Munyaradzi Makoni, in a Nature Index, has called on Africa to set its standard of research excellence.
Now, the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) had discerned the need for platforms to help scholars implement new journals or migrate existing journals so as to be Open Access (OA) compliant. Among other initiatives, the Open Journal System (OJS) of the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), a federally supported project by the Canadian government, has come to the rescue. The global acceptance of the OJS has being rising commendably. Through the OJS, a lot of Open Access journals have sprung up and are enjoying global visibility. However, it is alarming that we still have not leveraged this opportunity for our journals in Nigeria. This may not be unconnected with our poor attitudes towards OA. But OA has come to stay and we must embrace the new default going forwards.
African scholarship has often be fraught with the challenge of gaining global visibility. Most research works published in local journals waste away in the offices of the editors-in-chief or on library shelves. The lazy approach to internationalize is the practice of publishing African research in journals homed in other parts of the world which by appellation go by the generic name "foreign journals". Apart from denying Africa its proper research rating and access to its own research outputs, the demerits of this practice are numerous. "Nonetheless", according to Robert Tijssen and Erika Kraemer-Mbula in their paper titled Research excellence in Africa: Policies, perceptions, and performance, "African research must also try to transcend the confines of Africa as a geographical space to remain globally competitive”. Just in the same way the BOAI inferred that "an old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good", the OJS technology has provided the opportunity to achieve the needed public good of Nigerian research being made visible to first, Nigerians and the rest of the world. 
Through OJS:
  • the local-international dichotomy of journals will be bridged,
  • there will be global presence of Nigerian journals,
  • local research will receive immense visibility,
  • locally published journals can be indexed in Google Scholar, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics and all,
  • journals of Nigerian origin can be well cited, measured and ranked,
  • this will also enhance the ranking of authors and their universities,
  • greater democracy and equability of global research outlook 

In fact, we will be doing the global scholarly community a great deal of good as research outputs from Africa (Nigeria) can be assessed more equitably. A World Bank and Elsevier report has it that Sub-Sahara Africa with a 12% share of world population contributed less than 1% of global research outputs between 2003 and 2012. It is worthy of mention that African (Nigerian) scholarship is far bigger than is presently viewed. 
Why OJS?
It is open, free and OA compliant.
Possible challenges and ways to overcome
Guaranteeing 24/7 access to journals if locally hosted may be difficult given the state of our electricity infrastructure and the low commitment of many institutions to Internet facilities. Content availability constitutes the major hurdle but it can be crossed if confronted collaboratively. Under my leadership Elizade University Library has taken a lead and commenced the journey of putting the University's journals into the global arena. Our journals will be e- and Open. But the government of Nigeria can do more, especially for older universities and journal outlets across Nigeria. If the government of Canada can do a public good as OJS for the rest of the world there is no sense in Nigerian government or its relevant agencies not lifting a hand for the good of its people and Africa at large. Government agencies as the National Universities Commission and majorly the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) should turn huge resources (kind and cash) at their disposals in the direction of providing a perpetual cloud hosting of a national OJS platform that can be called Journals Nigeria, Digital Scholarship NG or anything else. This platform will thus serve as the one single window to all Nigerian journals.
Regional and national efforts/initiatives are all over the places but very few or nothing in Africa. SciELO of South America to which South Africa as only African country has keyed is a good example. Yes, in Africa, we have AJOL whose goal is to fault the claim that African research is invisible but not all of AJOL are Open. So, my proposition is to internationalize with OJS in the spirit of Open Access and not at any other time but NOW! This way the objective of AJOL is also achieved with greater ease and speed.

Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari
Scholarly Communications Librarian
Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria

Thursday, November 15, 2018

Libraries and Librarians: Nexus of Trends in Librarianship and Social Media

Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari
My presentation at the Symposium organised by the Nigerian Library Association, Ekiti State Chapter
to celebrate the 2018 Libraries Week. The event held at the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti on Wednesday, November 14, 2018.

Access full slides here

Thursday, November 8, 2018

YOUTH FOR GLORY- MAKING THE MOST OF THE NEW WORLD- INTERNET


A talk during the Youth Programme of St Mathias Anglican Church, Aule, Akure on Friday 7th September, 2018

Basis: Understanding who you are
  • Citizenship: Phil 3:20, Heb 11: 9-10
  • Birth: 1Pet 1:23
  • Culture: Phil 4:8
  • Placement: 2 Cor 5:20

The new world called the Internet
What is it? The Internet is a globally connected network system that uses TCP/IP to transmit data via various types of media.
Internet ➥ Web ➥ Social media et al

Top Ranking Internet Businesses
Rank by Revenue
Company
Industry
Revenue ($B)
FY
Employees
Market Cap ($B)
Headquarters
Founded
1
United States
E-Commerce, Cloud
$177.86
2017
566,000
$918.0
Seattle, WA, USA
1994
2
United States
Search, Cloud,
Advertising
$110.8
2017
80,110
$837.09
2015
3
China
E-commerce
$55.7
2017
137,975
$45.68
Beijing, China
1998
4
United States
Social
$40.65
2017
25,105
$528.22
Menlo Park, CA, USA
2004
5
China
E-commerce
$39.90
2018
66,421
$465.91
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
1999
6
China
Social, Gaming, Investment
$36.39
2017
44,796
$434.66
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
1998
7
United States
Travel
$12.681
2017
22,900
$92.94
Norwalk, CT, USA
1996
8
China
Search
$10.16[16]
2016
45,887
$88.11
Beijing, China
2000
9
United States
E-commerce
$9.567
2017
12,600
$43.73
San Jose, CA, USA
1995
10
United States
Entertainment
$11.7
2017
5,400
$146.43
Los Gatos, CA, USA
1997
Source: Wikipedia

Positives and Perils of the Internet

Positives of the Internet/Social media
Perils of the Internet/Social media
Connectivity
Cyberbullying
Education
Hacking
Education
Fraud and scam
Information and update
Reputation
Promotion
Cheating and relationship concerns
Worthy causes
Health concerns
Awareness
Death
Fighting of crime
Glamorization of illicit acts
Improved business reputation
Security issues



What should you do?
  • Develop skills
  • Interpersonal skills
  • Technical skills, e.g. coding, graphics and multimedia, 3-D design
  • Imaginative skill
  • Problem-solving skill
  • Be a value creator
  • Connect people
  • Enhance ease

Online Businesses You can do
  • Marketing
  • Information products creation, ebooks, audio, video
  • Weblogging
  • Vlogging
  • Social media Assistant
  • Apps creation
  • Innovative services that solves problems

The list is endless.

Thank you and see you at the Top!